Consonants

WORD INITIAL

WORD MEDIAL

WORD FINAL

FINAL STRESS

Bb   batà
       ‘youth’

Bb     abat
         ‘almost’

Bb   li-áb
     ‘collar bones/clavicles’

Bb     babâ
        ‘go down/descend’

Bb  bida
       ‘champion/star’

Bb   abi
     ‘wrongly assumed’

Bb   tigíb
       ‘wood chisel’

Bb     bibíg
          ‘lips’ 

Bb  bola
       ‘ball’

Bb   abot
       ’reach’

Bb   sag-ob
 ‘get water from a distance’ 

Bb     tabô
         ‘gourd vegetable’

Kk   kaha
      ‘matchbox’

Kk     baka
         ‘cow’

Kk   yusak
       ‘crush/squash’

Kk     pilák
      ‘throw away/discard’

Kk  kiboy
      ‘corn/callus’

Kk   siko
       ‘elbow’

Kk   balik
       ‘return’

Kk     pisík
  ‘(elastic) leaves one’s grasp’

Kk  kuto
      ‘head lice’

Kk   likò
       ‘turn a corner’

Kk   pasok
       ‘go to school/office’ 

Kk     yupók
        ‘explode/burst’

Dd   dati
   ‘formerly/previously’

Dd     badar
           ‘payment’

Dd  

Dd     edád
        ‘age of someone’

Dd 
  

Dd   bida
       ‘champion/star’

Dd  

Dd    dilí
        ‘here’ (alternative)

Dd  dugà
  ‘juice/gum/resin’

Dd   sud-ab
         ‘awning’

Dd  

Dd    badó
          ‘pound rice’

Gg   gatab
       ‘hand cutter for rice’

Gg     aga
         ‘morning’

Gg   bulág
         ‘blind’

Gg    hubág
        ‘boil/carbuncle’

Gg  giba
      ‘lap’

Gg   igót
       ‘bottom/anus’

Gg   bulig
       ’financial help’

Gg    bibíg
         ‘lips’ 

Gg  gusok
       ‘rib’

Gg   ugár
       ‘sore/wound’

Gg   ikog
         ‘tail’ 

Gg    tabô
          ‘gourd vegetable’

Hh   hali
 ‘relative/brother’

Hh     paha
         ‘waistband’

Hh  

Hh   rahâ
    ‘there’ (nearby)

Hh  hità
       ‘thigh’

Hh     sihè
          ‘seashell’

Hh  

Hh    lahì
         ‘clan/race’ 

Hh  huyat
             ‘wait’

Hh   ohò
        ‘yes’

Hh  

Hh   tahóp
  ‘clean rice by bouncing’

Ll    lata
        ‘tin/can’

Ll     pala
     ‘shovel/spade’

Ll     sampal
       ‘hit on the face’    

Ll      total
        ‘since/because’

Ll    libot
      ‘go around’

Ll     ilig
        ‘ear discharge’

Ll     kumpil
       ‘confirmation’

Ll      Abríl
           ‘April’

Ll    luhò
       ‘luxurious’

Ll     bola
             ‘ball’

Ll     

Ll      ku-ól
    ‘snail in rice fields

Mm mada
      ‘rice bird/sparrow’

Mm kamang
                ‘crawl’

Mm tagám
       ‘taste’

Mm ilám
        ꞌI dunno’

Mm misa/mesa
              ‘mass’

Mm kimpit
        ‘tongs for fire’

Mm rimrim
       ‘sip’

Mm itín
        ‘cramp’

Mm munay
    ‘type of bread/cake’

Mm umang
        ‘hermit crab’

Mm agom
        ‘experience’

Mm itóm
             ‘black’

Nn   nanà
               ‘pus’

Nn   tan-a
   ‘would have but’

Nn   rudan
        ‘hammock’

Nn  tanán
              ‘all’

Nn   nitò

         ‘rattan’

Nn   sin-o
          ‘who?’

Nn   gahín
       ‘separate out’

Nn  ti-ín
  ‘walk on ball of foot’

Nn   nupay

      ‘seem like/as if’

Nn   tuno

           ’tune’

Nn   turón
   ‘fried banana dessert’

Nn  sip-ón
            ’a cold’

NGng  ngayos
          ‘gums in mouth’

NGng hangin
             ‘wind/air’

NGng tabang
               ‘assist/help’

NGng  butáng
                 ‘put’

NGng  ngisi
                   ‘tooth’

NGng lingát
     ‘look from side to side’

NGng puling
     ‘something in one’s eye’

NGng  bulíng
                ‘dirt’

NGng  ngusò

            ‘snout/nose’

NGng tungkà
             ‘tiredness’

NGng lalong
          ‘especially’

NGng  takóng
            ‘heel of a shoe’

Pp pabo
     ‘turkey’

Pp papa
     ‘papa’

Pp  tatap
      ‘take care of’

Pp  kisláp
           ‘flicker’

Pp pila
     ‘line up’

Pp sipà
       ‘kick’

Pp  talip
     ‘to peel’

Pp  sil-íp
     ‘peek’

Pp punò
     ’source/trunk’

Pp suyat
    ‘write/letter’

Pp  suyop
      ‘slurp in liquid’

Pp  tahóp
‘clean rice by bouncing’

Rr radà
‘cheat/defraud’

Rr arâ
‘do you suppose’

Rr  hakar
   ‘rummage through’

Rr  tupár
  ‘beside someone’

Rr rilà
    ‘tongue’

Rr kirát
      ‘small eyes’

Rr  hipir
         ‘pack’

Rr  tinér

      ‘dwell/stay’

Rr roro
     ‘vehicle ferry’

Rr turo
     ‘bull’

Rr  pusor
    ’belly button/umbilicus’

Rr  agór
     ‘in order to’

Ss sayap
    ‘fishing net’

Ss asa
      ‘hope’

Ss  apas
     ’small child’

Ss  bugás
     ‘dehusked rice’

Ss silong
       ‘shelter’

Ss isa
   ‘raise sails’

Ss  ilis
    ‘get dressed’

Ss  ma-ís
      ‘maize/corn’

Ss suso
 ‘breast feed/suckle’

Ss uso
  ‘fashionable’

Ss   hipos
      ‘quiet’

Ss  os-ós
   ‘go downhill’

Tt     tagò
       ‘hide’

Tt     tatay
       ‘father’

Tt   sapat
          ‘insect’

Tt  ap-át
          ‘four’

Tt    tipras
      ‘measles’

Tt     pito
      ‘whistle’

Tt   pisì
      ‘rope’

Tt     ipít
      ‘clothes pegs’

Tt    tuman
     ‘do what’s required’

Tt     yutò
       ‘cook’

Tt   ipot
    ‘manure/dung’

Tt  putót
    ‘short person’

Ww wayó
          ‘eight’

Ww tawo
         ‘person’

Ww     sawsaw
        ‘dip food in sauce’

Ww      ruyáw
             ‘yellow’

Ww         wilwil
      ‘hanging loosely’

Ww tiwár
      ‘kneel with bottom up’

Ww       piliw
  ‘shallows near the beach’

Ww        isíw
             ‘chick’

Ww

Ww guwang
   ‘type of weaving palm’

Ww

Ww

Yy    yaya
         ‘weave’

Yy    ayo
  ’know how/clever’

Yy abay
‘attendant/bridesmaid’

Yy bayáy
         ‘house’

Yy     yelo
       ‘ice/snow/frost’

Yy    liyón
         ‘lion’

Yy

Yy     gab-éy
       ‘night time already’

Yy       yugo
           ‘yoke of animal’

Yy uyor
       ‘worm’

Yy    buroy
       ‘jelly fish’

Yy     abóy
        ’do you thinkꞌ

GLOTTAL - àâ

Initial stress/ no glottal

Final stress/ no glottal

Initial stress/ final glottal

Final stress/ final glottal

suka  ‘vinegar’

suká ‘bone’

sukà   /  bugà
‘vomit’ / ‘limestone’

sugâ          / yugâ
‘light a fire’   /   ‘loose’

pati ‘believe’

patí ‘as well as’

asì                    /  batì
‘language name’ / ’wake up’

atî              /  batî
‘dirty!’           / ‘awake’

puto ‘steamed rice cake’

putó ‘youngest child’

yutò   /  butò

‘to cook’/ ‘penis’

subô   / to-tô

‘sad’      / ‘cut off top of tree’

Mid-vowel glottal  Aa

Mid-vowel glottal  Ii /Ee

Mid-vowel glottal Uu /Oo

Mid-vowel glottal (extras)

ma-ado ‘good’

ri-ín ‘where to?’

su-óng ‘bow head’

ta-ó ‘give’

ra-an ‘straight away’

pa-ít ‘bitter’

ma-óng ‘jeans/denim’

pa-a ‘thigh’

pi-áng ‘limp’

ti-ín ‘walk on ball of foot’

i-una ‘to send ahead’

ki-í ‘here at hand’

pu-át ‘non-stop’

tu-ig ‘year’

pu-at ‘non-stop’

tu-ó ‘right side’

Glottal after consonant

Glottal after consonant

Glottal after consonant

Glottal after consonant

bug-át ‘heavy’

gab-í ‘night’

bag-ó ‘new’

him-óng ꞌstill and quiet’

pus-aw ꞌfade/
                colour runs’

mung-it ꞌsnot’

sip-on ‘a cold’

bal-ong ‘well’

Glottal before consonant

Glottal before consonant

Glottal before consonant

Glottal before consonant

ya-gà ‘to boil food’

pi-pì ‘make cakes of                 arrowroot’

po-pò ꞌpick fruit’

so-sò ꞌto burn someone with                 coal or cigarette’

Reduplication a

Reduplication i

Reduplication o

tartar ‘flatten bamboo’

ringring ‘wall of room’

ponpon ‘pick up off ground’

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pangpang ‘cliff’

singsing ‘ring’

romrom ‘remember’

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